What promotes adaptive motivation? Four beliefs and four truths about ability, success, praise, and confidence
When failure undermines and when failure motivates: helpless and mastery-oriented responses
Achievement goals: looking smart versus learning
Is intelligence fixed or changeable? Students' theories about their intelligence foster their achievement goals
Theories of intelligence predict (and create) differences in achievement
theories of intelligence create high and low effort
Implicit theories and goals predict self-esteem loss and depressive reactions to negative events
Why confidence and success are not enough
What is IQ and does it matter?
Believing in fixed social traits: impact on social coping
Judging and labeling others: another effect of implicit theories
Belief in the potential to change
Holding and forming stereotypes
How does it all begin? Young children's theories about goodness and badness
Kinds of praise and criticism: the origins of vulnerability
Praising intelligence: more praise and backfires
Misconceptions about self-esteem and about how to foster it
Personality, motivation, development, and the self: theoretical reflections
Final thoughts on controversial issues.
