Christian responses to Roman art and architecture: the second-century church amid the spaces of empire

Introduction

Christian apologists and the second-century built environment

Bringing together literature and archaeological remains

Framing the question, framing the world

What is an apology? : Christian apologies and the so-called Second Sophistic

What does it mean to apologize?

Addressing the Roman emperors, being Greek

Defining the so-called Second Sophistic

Traveling to Olympia : material manifestations of Greek Paideia and imperial address

The Fountain of Regilla and Herodes Atticus

Apologetics and christianness

What is the space of the Roman Empire? : mapping, bodies, and knowledge in the Roman world

Traveling men : Lucian, Tatian, and Justin

Lucian

Tatian

Justin

The Sebasteion in Aphrodisias

Into the cities

What informs the geographical imagination? : the Acts of the Apostles and Greek cities under Rome

Placing Acts

The Panhellenion

Hadrian, ethnicity, and true religion

What has Athens to do with Rome?

Traveling back to Acts

Acts 2

Paul in Lystra and Athens : confusing humans and gods

Paul in Thessalonikē and Philippi : Roman sedition against Rome?

What is justice? what is piety? what is Paideia : Justin, the forum of Trajan in Rome, and a crisis of mimēsis

The column of Trajan

Justin's apologies

Names and deeds : Justin introduces himself, the emperors, and the mock court

On the name

The name and speech-acts

A higher court

Mimēsis, images, and daimones

Sameness and difference

Justice, piety, and Paideia in the Forum of Trajan

The forum's surroundings

Moving through the forum of Trajan

War and the "temple of peace"

Human bodies and the image(s) of god(s)

How do you know God? : Athenagoras on names and images

"This golden one, this Herakles, this God" : Commodus and Herakles

The ambivalence of Herakles

Commodus as Herakles

A proliferation of signs

Athenagoras

Athenagoras's argument : the proemium

Grammar and theology

Atheism and piety "in the presence of philosopher-kings"

The material gods

What do we learn when we look? (part I) images, desire, and Tatian's to the Greeks

What an image does

The origins of images

What you see and what you get : theorizing vision

Images and the theological imagination : Cicero, Dio, and Maximus of Tyre

Tatian, spectacle, and connoisseurship

Tatian at the theater

Tatian's grand tour

What do we learn when we look? (part II) Aphrodite and Clement of Alexandria

The Knidian Aphrodite and her afterlife

Aphrodite at Knidos

Pseudo-Lucian and the Knidia

The Knidia and the ancient gaze

The Knidia and Roman portraits

Clement of Alexandria

Alexandria, the mad, hybrid, spectacular city

Introducing clement's Exhortation

"They say a girl loved an image" : The exhortation on statues, piety, and desire

Clement on the Knidian Aphrodite

Stories of the gods : the pornographic Venus and Mars.