Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the making of the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660

Privateering, colonial expansion, and the African presence in early Anglo-Dutch settlements

The Portuguese, Kongo, and Ndongo and the origins of Atlantic-Creole culture to 1607

Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607

1660

Atlantic Creole culture : patterns of transformation and adaptations, 1607-60

Shifting status and the foundation of African American communities : Atlantic Creoles in the early Anglo-Dutch colonies

Becoming slaves : Atlantic Creoles and the defining of status figures.