Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style

Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles

Paper Elements and Format

Journal Article Reporting Standards

Writing Style and Grammar

Bias-Free Language Guidelines

Mechanics of Style

Tables and Figures

Works Credited in the Text

Reference List

Reference Examples

Legal References

Publication Process.

Scholarly writing and publishing principles : Types of articles and papers ; Ethical, legal, and professional standards in publishing ; Ensuring the accuracy of scientific findings ; Protecting the rights and welfare of research participants and subjects ; Protecting intellectual property rights

Paper elements and format : Required elements ; Paper elements ; Format ; Organization ; Sample papers

Journal article reporting standards : Overview of reporting standards ; Common reporting standards across research design ; Report standards for quantitative research ; Reporting standards for qualitative research ; Reporting standards for mixed methods research

Writing style and grammar : Effective scholarly writing : Continuity and flow ; Conciseness and clarity ; Grammar and usage : Verbs ; Pronouns ; Sentence construction ; Strategies to improve your writing

Bias-free language guidelines : General guidelines for reducing bias ; Reducing bias by topic

Mechanics of style : Punctuation ; Spelling ; Capitalization ; Italics ; Abbreviations ; Numbers ; Statistical and mathematical copy ; Presentation of equations ; Lists

Tables and figures : General guidelines for tables and figures ; Tables ; Sample tables ; Figures ; Sample figures

Works credited in the text : General guidelines for citation ; Works requiring special approaches to citation ; In-text citations ; Paraphrases and quotations

Reference list : Reference categories ; Principles of reference list entries ; Reference elements : Author ; Date ; Title ; Source ; Reference variations ; Reference list format and order

Reference examples : Author variations ; Date variations ; Title variations ; Source variations ; Textual works ; Data sets, software, and tests ; Audiovisual media ; Online media

Legal references : General guidelines for legal references ; Legal reference examples

Publication process : Preparing for publication ; Understanding the editorial publication process ; Manuscript preparation ; Copyright and permission guidelines ; During and after publication.

Scholarly writing and publishing principles

Paper elements and format

Journal article reporting standards

Writing style and grammar

Bias-free language guidelines

Mechanics of style

Tables and figures

Works credited in the text

Reference list

Reference examples

Legal references

Publication process.