The ethics of war: classic and contemporary readings

Part I. Ancient and Early Christian:

1. Thucydides: war and power

2. Plato: Tempering war among the Greeks

3. Aristotle: Courage, slavery, and citizen soldiers

4. Roman law of war and peace: Ius fetiale

5. Cicero: Civic virtue as the foundation of peace

6. Early Church fathers: Pacifism and defense of the innocent

7. Augustine: Just war in the service of peace

Part II. Medieval:

8. Medieval peace movements: Religious limitations on warfare

9. The Crusades: Christian holy war

10. Gratian and the Decretists: War and coercion in the Decretum

11. John of Salisbury: The challenge of tyranny

12. Raymond of Peñafort and William of Rennes: The conditions of just war, self-defense, and their legal consequences under penitential jurisdiction

13. Innocent IV: The kinds of violence and the limits of holy war

14. Alexander of Hales: Virtuous dispositions in warfare

15. Hostiensis: A typology of internal and external war

16. Thomas Aquinas: Just war and sins against peace

17. Dante Alighieri: Peace by universal monarchy

18. Bartolus of Saxoferrato: Roman war within Christendom

19. Christine de Pizan: War and chivalry

20. Raphaël Fulgosius: Just war reduced to public war

Part III. Late Scholastic and Reformation:

21. Erasmus of Rotterdam: The spurious "right to war"

22. Cajetan: War and vindicative justice

23. Niccolò Machiavelli: War is just to whom it is necessary

24. Thomas More: Warfare in Utopia

25. Martin Luther and Jean Calvin: Legitimate war in Reformed Christianity

26. The Radical Reformation: Religious rationales for violence and pacifism

27. Francisco de Vitoria: Just war in the age of discovery

28. Luis de Molina: Distinguishing war from punishment

29. Francisco Suárez: Justice, charity, and war

30. Alberico Gentili: The advantages of preventive war

31. Johannes Althusius: Defending the commonwealth

32. Hugo Grotius: The theory of just war systematized

Part V. Modern:

33. Thomas Hobbes: Solving the problem of civil war

34. Baruch Spinoza: The virtue of peace

35. Samuel von Pufendorf: War in an emerging system of states

36. John Locke: The rights of man and the limits of just warfare

37. Christian von Wolff: Bilateral rights of war

38. Montesquieu: National self-preservation and the balance of power

39. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Supranational government and peace

40. Emer de Vattel: War in due form

41. Immaneul Kant: Cosmopolitan rights, human progress, and perpetual peace

42. G.W.F. Hegel: War and the spirit of the nation-state

43. Carl von Clausewitz: ethics and military strategy 44. Daniel Webster: The Caroline incident

45. Francis Lieber: Devising a military code of conduct

46. John Stuart Mill: Foreign intervention and national autonomy

47. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: War as an instrument of emancipation

Part V. Twentieth Century:

48. Woodrow Wilson: The dream of a league of nations

49. Bertrand Russell: Pacifism and modern war

50. Hans Kelsen: Bellum iustum in international law

51. Paul Ramsey: Nuclear weapons and legitimate defense

52. G.E.M. Anscombe:

The moral recklessness of pacifism

53. John Rawls: The moral duties of statesmen

54. Michael Walzer: Terrorism and ethics

55. Thomas Nagel: The logic of hostility

56. James Turner Johnson: Contemporary just war

57. National Conference of Catholic Bishops: A presumption against war

58. Kofi Annan: Toward a new definition of sovereignty.