The art of reasoning

Ch. 1: Introduction

Thinking skills

Objectivity

pt. one: Concepts and propositions

ch. 2: Classification

Concepts and referents

Rules of classification

Levels of organization

ch. 3: Definitions

The functions of a definition

Rules for definitions

Constructing definitions

ch. 4: Propositions

Propositions and sentences

Propositions and word meaning

Propositions and grammar

pt. two: Arguments

ch. 5: Basic argument analysis

Elements of reasoning

Diagramming arguments

Logical strength

Implicit premises

ch. 6: Fallacies

Subjectivist fallacies

Fallacies involving credibility

Fallacies of context

Fallacies of logical structure

ch. 7: Advanced argument analysis

Distilling an argument

Diagramming debates

pt. three: Classical deductive logic

ch. 8: Categorical propositions

Standard form

The square of opposition

Existential import

Distribution

Immediate inference

Venn diagrams

ch. 9: Categorical syllogisms

The structure of a syllogism

Validity

Enthymemes

Rules of validity

Venn diagrams

The cancellation method

ch. 10: Disjunctive and hypothetical syllogisms

Disjunctive syllogisms

Hypothetical propositions

Hypothetical syllogisms

ch. 11: Syllogisms in ordinary reasoning

Distilling deductive arguments

Extended arguments

pt. four: Modern deductive logic

ch. 12: Propositional logic

symbolic notation

Connectives

Statement forms

Computing truth values

ch. 13: Propositional logic

arguments

Truth table test of validity

Truth table test

short form

Proof

Equivalence

Conditional proof and reductio ad absurdum

ch. 14: Predicate logic

Quantifiers

General statistics

Relations and multiple quantification

Proof

pt. five: Inductive logic

ch. 15: Inductive generalizations

Generalizing

Causality

Agreement and difference

Concomitant variations and residues

ch. 16: Argument by analogy

Analogy and similarity

Analysis and evaluation

ch. 17: Statistical reasoning

Logic and statistics

Using statistics in argument

Statistical generalization

Statistical evidence of causality

ch. 18: Explanation

Explanation and argument

Adequacy

The truth of hypotheses.